Functional Assessment Tools
Understanding behaviour through a neurodiversity-affirming lens means recognising that all behaviours serve a purpose and are a form of communication, intentional or otherwise. Rather than viewing certain behaviours as “problematic” or something to be “fixed,” this tool helps identify the underlying needs driving an individual’s actions. The functions of behaviour framework can guide caregivers, teachers, and professionals in providing meaningful support that respects autonomy and well-being. If we consider factors such as sensory needs, self-advocacy, and connection-seeking, we can create environments that develop an understanding of individuals and reduce distress that can lead to challenging behaviour.
Due to some connotations of how function behaviour assessment are linked to ABA, I have discussed in previous articles alternatives to using functional assessments. We also have a page of behaviour data collection documents that are free to download. If further support is needed, we recommend consulting with a specialist who can provide individualised strategies tailored to the person’s unique profile.
Attention
Behavior serves to gain social interaction.
Instead of seeing this as “attention-seeking,” consider it **connection-seeking**. The individual may need more meaningful interactions or support with communication.
Escape
Behavior is used to avoid a situation.
Rather than viewing this as “non-compliance,” understand it as **self-advocacy**. The individual may be overwhelmed, need a break, or lack the right supports.
Automatic
Behavior occurs for self-stimulation.
This is often **self-regulation** rather than a problem. Stimming can help manage emotions, sensory needs, and focus. Support safe and fulfilling self-regulation strategies.
Tangible
Behavior is used to access something desired.
Instead of labeling this as “manipulative,” recognize it as a **valid way of communicating needs**. Support alternative communication and help with emotional regulation.
Sensory
Behavior is driven by sensory needs.
Behaviors like rocking or chewing are **natural ways to process sensory input**. Provide supportive environments that accommodate individual sensory needs.
Tool 1: Behaviour Function Assessment Tool
This behaviour functions assessment tool is a structured questionnaire designed to help identify the underlying reasons behind an individual’s behaviour. It provides insight into whether a behaviour is primarily driven by attention, escape, access to tangibles, sensory needs, or automatic (non-social) reinforcement.
How to Use the Behaviour Functions Tool:
- Observe the Behavior – Identify a specific behaviour you want to understand better. Note when, where, and how often it occurs. Accurate Functional Behaviour Analysis: Describing Behaviours Objectively
- Complete the Questionnaire – Answer each question based on recent observations of the behaviour. The form includes multiple-choice questions that explore different possible motivations.
- Analyse the Results – The responses help determine which function (or functions) most likely contribute to the behaviour. Many behaviours serve multiple purposes, so patterns may emerge across different categories. You can redo the form for different behaviours or the same behaviour occurring at different times or in different environments.
- Implement Supportive Strategies – Once you have an understanding of the function of the behaviour, use neurodiversity-affirming approaches to provide accommodations, teach alternative communication strategies, or adjust the environment to meet the individual’s needs better.
This tool is not a diagnostic assessment but rather a guide to help caregivers, educators, and professionals develop a more supportive and understanding approach. If further insight or specialized strategies are needed, consulting with a professional (such as an occupational therapist or behaviour specialist) is recommended.
Behaviour Functions Assessment
Tool 2: Strategies Linked to Behaviour Functions
Use this tool to generate suggested strategies for the primary function identified above.
QABF Strategy Finder
Suggested Strategies:
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